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Development of Resiliency
Ch. 2›Literature Review
―Resilience is developmental. Being successful strengthens a person‘s competence‖ ([Greene & Conrad, 2002, p. 37](/dissertation/references)). The development of resiliency is described byWolin and Wolin (1995) in Table 1. They examined seven factors of resiliency across the lifespan, within substance-abusing families.
Zanna Smith · August 17, 2026
Problem Statement
Ch. 1›Overview of the Study
CF is commonly used to describe nurses who feel they can no longer give empathic attention to their patients, friends, or family. The diagnosis may be overused due to the lack of clear definition ([B. Sabo, personal communication, January 18, 2012](/dissertation/references)).
Zanna Smith · August 17, 2026
Development of CF (1.2): Daily exposure ―to loss – loss of expectations, loss of
Ch. 4›Results
life and limb, whatever‖ contributes to the development of compassion fatigue ([A6, December 7, 2012](/dissertation/references)). Compassion fatigue comes from ―having to face situations in which compassion is required, as a professional, every day, hour after hour, minute after minute, every single day. And after so much time, you‘re going to become fatigued‖ (P5, 23 November 2012).
Zanna Smith · August 17, 2026
Experience of Resiliency to CF
Ch. 4›Results
Empathy in the workplace (1.1). In Figley‘s 2002 model, empathy was the starting point of compassion fatigue. The distinction between empathy and compassion is part of understanding the participant nurses‘ experience of resiliency to CF.
Zanna Smith · August 17, 2026
Experience of CF (1.3). Six of the seven participants had experienced CF at
Ch. 4›Results
some point in their careers. The participant who never had CF had avoided it early in her career by understanding which nursing areas would create problems for her: ―When I was deciding on what career to go in , I don‘t think I could have been effective when I had a three-year-old at home – working a pediatric unit with a three-year old.
Zanna Smith · August 17, 2026
Basic Assumptions and Theory
Ch. 2›Literature Review
Components of resiliency include self-efficacy, adaptation, healing, wellness, and competence, all factors which can disappear in compassion fatigue. Recent studies of resiliency, part of the positive psychology movement, have examined people who do not become symptomatic ([Linley & Joseph, 2005](/dissertation/references)). Early in the 1980s a longitudinal study, the St.
Zanna Smith · August 17, 2026
Coping Strategies to Avoid Developing Compassion Fatigue
Ch. 2›Literature Review
There are, however, people who have developed effective coping strategies, the focus of this study. In addition to healthy habits of self-care, the positive reinforcement of watching patients recover, feeling effective, and being able to interact compassionately with patients helps HCPs avoid CF.
Zanna Smith · August 17, 2026
Introduction
Ch. 1›Overview of the Study
Registered nurses, the largest healthcare occupation, numbered about 2.6 million in the United States in 2008 ([Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2011](/dissertation/references)). Global concerns have been voiced since the mid-1990s regarding an increasing shortage of nurses, and declining numbers ([Grafton, Gillespie, & Henderson, 2101](/dissertation/references)).
Zanna Smith · August 17, 2026
Three individuals posing at a table indoors
Three people are seated at a round, patterned table. Two individuals are giving a thumbs-up gesture, and one person has an arm around another. The person on the left wears a rainbow-striped hat and a light blue face mask pulled down, while the person in the middle wears a gray suit jacket and a blue lanyard with an ID badge.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
People seated at tables in a dining room
Several people are seated at tables in a dining room. One person in a wheelchair gives a thumbs-up gesture, while others are seated at tables with place settings and beverages.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Four individuals on a rocky mountain peak
Four individuals stand on a rocky surface with snow-capped mountains and a blue sky in the background. A pole with a white streamer extends upwards from behind the group, and a red and black rope is visible in the lower right.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Group of people outdoors with trees
A group of ten adults is gathered outdoors, with a backdrop of green trees and foliage. One person in the foreground is seated in a wheelchair, wearing a nasal cannula and covered with a blue puffer jacket and brown blanket.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Two individuals posing outdoors with a Coca-Cola umbrella
Two individuals are visible in the foreground, with one wearing a pink hat with a cartoon character on it. In the background, a red and white Coca-Cola umbrella is open, and other people are seated at tables. A gas station and trees are visible in the distance under a cloudy sky.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Two women smiling in a bar setting
Two women with short, light-colored hair are smiling at the camera. The woman on the left wears a red and white checkered shirt, and the woman on the right wears a blue top and a pearl necklace. They are in a bar with bottles on shelves and string lights in the background.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Three people at an outdoor gathering
Three people are seated outdoors, with two women and one man visible. The man on the left has a nasal cannula, and the woman in the middle wears a pink cat-themed hat. A red and white Coca-Cola umbrella is visible in the background.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Two women smiling, man in background
Two women with gray hair are smiling at the camera, with a man in a yellow shirt and black cap visible in the background. The women are positioned closely together, and the background features wooden walls and a window.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Four people posing outdoors with mountains and lake
Four individuals are standing side-by-side, facing the camera, with a background of snow-capped mountains, a body of water, and a clear blue sky. The two men are wearing long-sleeved denim shirts, and the two women are wearing short-sleeved tops.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Group of people standing by a wooden wall
A group of seven adults stands on a wooden deck in front of a building with a wooden wall and large windows. One person is seated in a wheelchair on the left, and a wooden sign with text is visible on the wall behind the group.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Two people on a porch with a book
A man with a beard and a woman are on a porch. The man is wearing a light gray t-shirt and khaki shorts, with his tongue out. The woman is seated, wearing a pink and blue plaid shirt, looking up at the man while holding a book with images of coral.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Three people posing indoors
Three individuals are standing together indoors. The person in the center is a man wearing a suit jacket, a light blue shirt, and a dark blue tie. To his left is a woman in a light-colored jacket with a patterned collar, and to his right is a woman in a red turtleneck and light-colored pants. A framed picture is visible on the wall in the background.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Two people standing by the ocean
A man and a woman are standing outdoors with a body of water and distant land in the background. The man wears a white polo shirt and light-colored pants, while the woman wears a dark olive green dress with a floral pattern and multiple necklaces.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Two individuals outdoors with green foliage
A man with gray, curly hair and a woman with short, reddish-brown hair are pictured outdoors. The man wears a gray t-shirt and suspenders, while the woman wears a light-colored collared shirt with a blue floral pattern and a pearl necklace. Green foliage is visible in the background.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
cousins after hike
A group of seven people are standing on a wooden deck in front of a building with a wooden wall and glass doors. One person is seated in a wheelchair on the left, while the others stand behind and beside them. A sign with the words "NATIONAL PARK SER" is visible on the wooden wall behind the group.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Man in cap feeding a baby from a bottle
A man wearing a dark cap and shirt holds a baby wrapped in a white blanket, feeding it from a bottle. A white cloth is draped over his shoulder, and shelves with glassware are visible in the background.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Two people sitting outdoors on grass
A man and a woman are seated outdoors on a grassy area. The woman wears a patterned halter-neck top, and the man wears a white t-shirt and light-colored pants.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Tim, Mel, George, Mary
Four people are standing on a rocky surface with snow-capped mountains and a blue sky in the background. A white streamer and a pole are visible in the upper portion of the image.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Two individuals posing outdoors with others nearby
Two individuals are in the foreground, with one wearing a pink hat with a cartoon face and the other wearing glasses. In the background, other people are seated at a picnic table under a red and white Coca-Cola umbrella, and a gas station is visible further back.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Five individuals posing in front of a trailer
Five individuals are visible in a group selfie, with a white trailer featuring a license plate and a 'Wells Cargo' logo in the background. The group includes three women and two men, all smiling and looking towards the camera.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Four people at a table giving thumbs up
Four individuals are seated around a table with food and drinks, all giving a thumbs-up gesture. The setting appears to be a restaurant or dining area with decorative wall art and a large leaf-patterned mural.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Two individuals smiling, one wearing headphones
Two individuals are visible in a medium shot, one standing behind the other who is seated at a table. The standing individual wears a dark shirt with red floral patterns, and the seated individual wears a blue and white plaid shirt with white headphones and a pendant around their neck. A painting with green and orange hues is visible on the wall in the background.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Delete
A group of seven individuals are seated around a wooden table indoors. Several green cups and foil-wrapped items are on the table.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
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Four individuals are gathered on a porch or deck. A man with a beard and a woman are seated, with two children standing in front of them. A book titled "Coral Reef" is visible on a table.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
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Three individuals are standing in a grassy area with buildings and trees in the background. The person in the center wears a dark green robe over a patterned shirt and light pants, while the person on the right wears a dark green robe with a white collar. The person on the left wears a light-colored dress with a white lace overlay.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
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Four individuals, three women and one man in a white uniform, are standing outdoors. They are positioned in front of a building with brick and white trim, partially obscured by dark foliage.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Crowd of people in outdoor seating
A group of people are seated outdoors, with a woman in a striped shirt and a man in a plaid shirt and bucket hat in the foreground. Several other adults and children are visible in the background, some looking forward and others looking around.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Man in uniform and woman with floral shawl
A black and white photograph shows a man in a dark uniform with a bow tie and a woman in a dark dress with a light-colored, floral-patterned shawl. The man holds a white cap in his left hand, and a bouquet of flowers is visible in the foreground.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Couple cutting a multi-tiered cake
A man and a woman are shown cutting a large, multi-tiered white cake decorated with flowers. The man wears a dark suit with a red tie, and the woman wears a blue dress. Other individuals are partially visible in the background.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Five individuals posing indoors with flowers
Five individuals are standing together indoors, with a large floral arrangement in a basket visible in the background. The individuals are dressed in formal attire, and one woman holds a bouquet of white and yellow flowers.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Three people in plaid shirts outdoors
Two men and one woman are standing outdoors in a wooded area. The woman is being held by one man, while the other man stands beside them. All three are wearing plaid shirts.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Three people in plaid shirts outdoors
Three individuals, two men and one woman, stand together outdoors, all wearing plaid shirts. A car is partially visible in the background on the left, and trees are behind them.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Two people sitting outdoors on grass
A man and a woman are seated on grass outdoors. The woman wears a patterned halter top, and the man wears a white t-shirt and light-colored pants.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Two individuals standing in ocean water
Two individuals with dark hair are standing in shallow ocean water with waves in the background. The person on the left wears a dark jacket, and the person on the right wears a light-colored jacket.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Three individuals seated in a wood-paneled room
Three individuals are seated in a room with wood-paneled walls. A framed artwork depicting abstract figures hangs on the wall behind them.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Four people in front of a decorated Christmas tree
Four individuals are seated in front of a decorated Christmas tree and a window. Two adults and two children are visible, with one adult wearing a plaid shirt and sunglasses.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Two individuals standing by a lily pond
A color photograph shows a boy and a woman standing on a ledge next to a pond with water lilies. The background features blurred figures and structures under a light sky.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Man with drink and cigarette by camper van
A man in a cowboy hat, light brown shirt, and pants stands next to a light-colored camper van in a desert landscape. He holds a glass with a beverage in one hand and has a cigarette in his mouth.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
Two individuals with a model airplane outdoors
A man in sunglasses and a short-sleeved shirt holds a red and white model airplane while a young boy in a short-sleeved shirt stands nearby, looking towards the plane. They are in an open grassy area with trees and structures visible in the background under a light sky.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
ZS-Potrait of Brad (2014)
A framed painting depicts a man in profile, wearing a wide-brimmed hat, glasses, a light-colored shirt, and dark suspenders. The background is a plain light color.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
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A photograph shows two individuals, one adult and one child, posing outdoors. The adult is kneeling and wearing a green outfit with a patterned belt, while the child stands in a red dress with a checkered collar and cuffs. A brick building is visible in the background.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026
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Three individuals are seated in a row, with a woman in the center and two younger individuals on either side. They are positioned in front of a wood-paneled wall, above which hangs a framed piece of artwork depicting abstract figures.
The Zanna Smith Archive · August 20, 2026